Integrand size = 15, antiderivative size = 299 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^{5/2} \left (a+c x^4\right )} \, dx=-\frac {2}{3 a x^{3/2}}-\frac {c^{3/8} \arctan \left (1-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} (-a)^{11/8}}+\frac {c^{3/8} \arctan \left (1+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} (-a)^{11/8}}-\frac {c^{3/8} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{2 (-a)^{11/8}}-\frac {c^{3/8} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{2 (-a)^{11/8}}-\frac {c^{3/8} \log \left (\sqrt [4]{-a}-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}+\sqrt [4]{c} x\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} (-a)^{11/8}}+\frac {c^{3/8} \log \left (\sqrt [4]{-a}+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}+\sqrt [4]{c} x\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} (-a)^{11/8}} \]
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Time = 0.22 (sec) , antiderivative size = 299, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.00, number of steps used = 15, number of rules used = 12, \(\frac {\text {number of rules}}{\text {integrand size}}\) = 0.800, Rules used = {331, 335, 307, 217, 1179, 642, 1176, 631, 210, 218, 214, 211} \[ \int \frac {1}{x^{5/2} \left (a+c x^4\right )} \, dx=-\frac {c^{3/8} \arctan \left (1-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} (-a)^{11/8}}+\frac {c^{3/8} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}+1\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} (-a)^{11/8}}-\frac {c^{3/8} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{2 (-a)^{11/8}}-\frac {c^{3/8} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{2 (-a)^{11/8}}-\frac {c^{3/8} \log \left (-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}+\sqrt [4]{-a}+\sqrt [4]{c} x\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} (-a)^{11/8}}+\frac {c^{3/8} \log \left (\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}+\sqrt [4]{-a}+\sqrt [4]{c} x\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} (-a)^{11/8}}-\frac {2}{3 a x^{3/2}} \]
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Rule 210
Rule 211
Rule 214
Rule 217
Rule 218
Rule 307
Rule 331
Rule 335
Rule 631
Rule 642
Rule 1176
Rule 1179
Rubi steps \begin{align*} \text {integral}& = -\frac {2}{3 a x^{3/2}}-\frac {c \int \frac {x^{3/2}}{a+c x^4} \, dx}{a} \\ & = -\frac {2}{3 a x^{3/2}}-\frac {(2 c) \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {x^4}{a+c x^8} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{a} \\ & = -\frac {2}{3 a x^{3/2}}+\frac {\sqrt {c} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {-a}-\sqrt {c} x^4} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{a}-\frac {\sqrt {c} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt {-a}+\sqrt {c} x^4} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{a} \\ & = -\frac {2}{3 a x^{3/2}}-\frac {\sqrt {c} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{-a}-\sqrt [4]{c} x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{2 (-a)^{5/4}}-\frac {\sqrt {c} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\sqrt [4]{-a}+\sqrt [4]{c} x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{2 (-a)^{5/4}}+\frac {\sqrt {c} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-a}-\sqrt [4]{c} x^2}{\sqrt {-a}+\sqrt {c} x^4} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{2 (-a)^{5/4}}+\frac {\sqrt {c} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\sqrt [4]{-a}+\sqrt [4]{c} x^2}{\sqrt {-a}+\sqrt {c} x^4} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{2 (-a)^{5/4}} \\ & = -\frac {2}{3 a x^{3/2}}-\frac {c^{3/8} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{2 (-a)^{11/8}}-\frac {c^{3/8} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{2 (-a)^{11/8}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\frac {\sqrt [4]{-a}}{\sqrt [4]{c}}-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} x}{\sqrt [8]{c}}+x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{4 (-a)^{5/4}}+\frac {\sqrt [4]{c} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{\frac {\sqrt [4]{-a}}{\sqrt [4]{c}}+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} x}{\sqrt [8]{c}}+x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{4 (-a)^{5/4}}-\frac {c^{3/8} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a}}{\sqrt [8]{c}}+2 x}{-\frac {\sqrt [4]{-a}}{\sqrt [4]{c}}-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} x}{\sqrt [8]{c}}-x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} (-a)^{11/8}}-\frac {c^{3/8} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a}}{\sqrt [8]{c}}-2 x}{-\frac {\sqrt [4]{-a}}{\sqrt [4]{c}}+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} x}{\sqrt [8]{c}}-x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt {x}\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} (-a)^{11/8}} \\ & = -\frac {2}{3 a x^{3/2}}-\frac {c^{3/8} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{2 (-a)^{11/8}}-\frac {c^{3/8} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{2 (-a)^{11/8}}-\frac {c^{3/8} \log \left (\sqrt [4]{-a}-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}+\sqrt [4]{c} x\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} (-a)^{11/8}}+\frac {c^{3/8} \log \left (\sqrt [4]{-a}+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}+\sqrt [4]{c} x\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} (-a)^{11/8}}+\frac {c^{3/8} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1-x^2} \, dx,x,1-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} (-a)^{11/8}}-\frac {c^{3/8} \text {Subst}\left (\int \frac {1}{-1-x^2} \, dx,x,1+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} (-a)^{11/8}} \\ & = -\frac {2}{3 a x^{3/2}}-\frac {c^{3/8} \tan ^{-1}\left (1-\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} (-a)^{11/8}}+\frac {c^{3/8} \tan ^{-1}\left (1+\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{2 \sqrt {2} (-a)^{11/8}}-\frac {c^{3/8} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{2 (-a)^{11/8}}-\frac {c^{3/8} \tanh ^{-1}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{-a}}\right )}{2 (-a)^{11/8}}-\frac {c^{3/8} \log \left (\sqrt [4]{-a}-\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}+\sqrt [4]{c} x\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} (-a)^{11/8}}+\frac {c^{3/8} \log \left (\sqrt [4]{-a}+\sqrt {2} \sqrt [8]{-a} \sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}+\sqrt [4]{c} x\right )}{4 \sqrt {2} (-a)^{11/8}} \\ \end{align*}
Time = 0.71 (sec) , antiderivative size = 288, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.96 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^{5/2} \left (a+c x^4\right )} \, dx=-\frac {8 a^{3/8}+3 \sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}} c^{3/8} x^{3/2} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {1-\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}} \left (\sqrt [4]{a}-\sqrt [4]{c} x\right )}{\sqrt [8]{a} \sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}\right )-3 \sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}} c^{3/8} x^{3/2} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {1+\frac {1}{\sqrt {2}}} \left (\sqrt [4]{a}-\sqrt [4]{c} x\right )}{\sqrt [8]{a} \sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}\right )-3 \sqrt {2-\sqrt {2}} c^{3/8} x^{3/2} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}} \sqrt [8]{a} \sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [4]{a}+\sqrt [4]{c} x}\right )+3 \sqrt {2+\sqrt {2}} c^{3/8} x^{3/2} \text {arctanh}\left (\frac {\sqrt [8]{a} \sqrt [8]{c} \sqrt {-\left (\left (-2+\sqrt {2}\right ) x\right )}}{\sqrt [4]{a}+\sqrt [4]{c} x}\right )}{12 a^{11/8} x^{3/2}} \]
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Result contains higher order function than in optimal. Order 9 vs. order 3.
Time = 3.96 (sec) , antiderivative size = 38, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.13
method | result | size |
derivativedivides | \(-\frac {\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\operatorname {RootOf}\left (c \,\textit {\_Z}^{8}+a \right )}{\sum }\frac {\ln \left (\sqrt {x}-\textit {\_R} \right )}{\textit {\_R}^{3}}}{4 a}-\frac {2}{3 a \,x^{\frac {3}{2}}}\) | \(38\) |
default | \(-\frac {\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\operatorname {RootOf}\left (c \,\textit {\_Z}^{8}+a \right )}{\sum }\frac {\ln \left (\sqrt {x}-\textit {\_R} \right )}{\textit {\_R}^{3}}}{4 a}-\frac {2}{3 a \,x^{\frac {3}{2}}}\) | \(38\) |
risch | \(-\frac {\munderset {\textit {\_R} =\operatorname {RootOf}\left (c \,\textit {\_Z}^{8}+a \right )}{\sum }\frac {\ln \left (\sqrt {x}-\textit {\_R} \right )}{\textit {\_R}^{3}}}{4 a}-\frac {2}{3 a \,x^{\frac {3}{2}}}\) | \(38\) |
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Result contains complex when optimal does not.
Time = 0.28 (sec) , antiderivative size = 357, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.19 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^{5/2} \left (a+c x^4\right )} \, dx=-\frac {\left (3 i + 3\right ) \, \sqrt {2} a x^{2} \left (-\frac {c^{3}}{a^{11}}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (\left (\frac {1}{2} i + \frac {1}{2}\right ) \, \sqrt {2} a^{7} \left (-\frac {c^{3}}{a^{11}}\right )^{\frac {5}{8}} + c^{2} \sqrt {x}\right ) - \left (3 i - 3\right ) \, \sqrt {2} a x^{2} \left (-\frac {c^{3}}{a^{11}}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (-\left (\frac {1}{2} i - \frac {1}{2}\right ) \, \sqrt {2} a^{7} \left (-\frac {c^{3}}{a^{11}}\right )^{\frac {5}{8}} + c^{2} \sqrt {x}\right ) + \left (3 i - 3\right ) \, \sqrt {2} a x^{2} \left (-\frac {c^{3}}{a^{11}}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (\left (\frac {1}{2} i - \frac {1}{2}\right ) \, \sqrt {2} a^{7} \left (-\frac {c^{3}}{a^{11}}\right )^{\frac {5}{8}} + c^{2} \sqrt {x}\right ) - \left (3 i + 3\right ) \, \sqrt {2} a x^{2} \left (-\frac {c^{3}}{a^{11}}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (-\left (\frac {1}{2} i + \frac {1}{2}\right ) \, \sqrt {2} a^{7} \left (-\frac {c^{3}}{a^{11}}\right )^{\frac {5}{8}} + c^{2} \sqrt {x}\right ) - 6 \, a x^{2} \left (-\frac {c^{3}}{a^{11}}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (a^{7} \left (-\frac {c^{3}}{a^{11}}\right )^{\frac {5}{8}} + c^{2} \sqrt {x}\right ) - 6 i \, a x^{2} \left (-\frac {c^{3}}{a^{11}}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (i \, a^{7} \left (-\frac {c^{3}}{a^{11}}\right )^{\frac {5}{8}} + c^{2} \sqrt {x}\right ) + 6 i \, a x^{2} \left (-\frac {c^{3}}{a^{11}}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (-i \, a^{7} \left (-\frac {c^{3}}{a^{11}}\right )^{\frac {5}{8}} + c^{2} \sqrt {x}\right ) + 6 \, a x^{2} \left (-\frac {c^{3}}{a^{11}}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} \log \left (-a^{7} \left (-\frac {c^{3}}{a^{11}}\right )^{\frac {5}{8}} + c^{2} \sqrt {x}\right ) + 16 \, \sqrt {x}}{24 \, a x^{2}} \]
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Time = 36.02 (sec) , antiderivative size = 303, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.01 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^{5/2} \left (a+c x^4\right )} \, dx=\begin {cases} \frac {\tilde {\infty }}{x^{\frac {11}{2}}} & \text {for}\: a = 0 \wedge c = 0 \\- \frac {2}{11 c x^{\frac {11}{2}}} & \text {for}\: a = 0 \\- \frac {2}{3 a x^{\frac {3}{2}}} & \text {for}\: c = 0 \\- \frac {\log {\left (\sqrt {x} - \sqrt [8]{- \frac {a}{c}} \right )}}{4 a \left (- \frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {3}{8}}} + \frac {\log {\left (\sqrt {x} + \sqrt [8]{- \frac {a}{c}} \right )}}{4 a \left (- \frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {3}{8}}} + \frac {\sqrt {2} \log {\left (- 4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt {x} \sqrt [8]{- \frac {a}{c}} + 4 x + 4 \sqrt [4]{- \frac {a}{c}} \right )}}{8 a \left (- \frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {3}{8}}} - \frac {\sqrt {2} \log {\left (4 \sqrt {2} \sqrt {x} \sqrt [8]{- \frac {a}{c}} + 4 x + 4 \sqrt [4]{- \frac {a}{c}} \right )}}{8 a \left (- \frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {3}{8}}} + \frac {\operatorname {atan}{\left (\frac {\sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{- \frac {a}{c}}} \right )}}{2 a \left (- \frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {3}{8}}} - \frac {\sqrt {2} \operatorname {atan}{\left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{- \frac {a}{c}}} - 1 \right )}}{4 a \left (- \frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {3}{8}}} - \frac {\sqrt {2} \operatorname {atan}{\left (\frac {\sqrt {2} \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt [8]{- \frac {a}{c}}} + 1 \right )}}{4 a \left (- \frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {3}{8}}} - \frac {2}{3 a x^{\frac {3}{2}}} & \text {otherwise} \end {cases} \]
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\[ \int \frac {1}{x^{5/2} \left (a+c x^4\right )} \, dx=\int { \frac {1}{{\left (c x^{4} + a\right )} x^{\frac {5}{2}}} \,d x } \]
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Leaf count of result is larger than twice the leaf count of optimal. 461 vs. \(2 (198) = 396\).
Time = 0.42 (sec) , antiderivative size = 461, normalized size of antiderivative = 1.54 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^{5/2} \left (a+c x^4\right )} \, dx=\frac {c \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {5}{8}} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {-\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} + 2 \, \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt {\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}}}\right )}{2 \, a^{2} \sqrt {2 \, \sqrt {2} + 4}} + \frac {c \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {5}{8}} \arctan \left (-\frac {\sqrt {-\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} - 2 \, \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt {\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}}}\right )}{2 \, a^{2} \sqrt {2 \, \sqrt {2} + 4}} - \frac {c \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {5}{8}} \arctan \left (\frac {\sqrt {\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} + 2 \, \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt {-\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}}}\right )}{2 \, a^{2} \sqrt {-2 \, \sqrt {2} + 4}} - \frac {c \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {5}{8}} \arctan \left (-\frac {\sqrt {\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} - 2 \, \sqrt {x}}{\sqrt {-\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}}}\right )}{2 \, a^{2} \sqrt {-2 \, \sqrt {2} + 4}} + \frac {c \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {5}{8}} \log \left (\sqrt {x} \sqrt {\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} + x + \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}{4 \, a^{2} \sqrt {2 \, \sqrt {2} + 4}} - \frac {c \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {5}{8}} \log \left (-\sqrt {x} \sqrt {\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} + x + \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}{4 \, a^{2} \sqrt {2 \, \sqrt {2} + 4}} - \frac {c \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {5}{8}} \log \left (\sqrt {x} \sqrt {-\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} + x + \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}{4 \, a^{2} \sqrt {-2 \, \sqrt {2} + 4}} + \frac {c \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {5}{8}} \log \left (-\sqrt {x} \sqrt {-\sqrt {2} + 2} \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{8}} + x + \left (\frac {a}{c}\right )^{\frac {1}{4}}\right )}{4 \, a^{2} \sqrt {-2 \, \sqrt {2} + 4}} - \frac {2}{3 \, a x^{\frac {3}{2}}} \]
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Time = 5.69 (sec) , antiderivative size = 126, normalized size of antiderivative = 0.42 \[ \int \frac {1}{x^{5/2} \left (a+c x^4\right )} \, dx=\frac {{\left (-c\right )}^{3/8}\,\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {{\left (-c\right )}^{1/8}\,\sqrt {x}}{a^{1/8}}\right )}{2\,a^{11/8}}-\frac {2}{3\,a\,x^{3/2}}-\frac {{\left (-c\right )}^{3/8}\,\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {{\left (-c\right )}^{1/8}\,\sqrt {x}\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{a^{1/8}}\right )\,1{}\mathrm {i}}{2\,a^{11/8}}+\frac {\sqrt {2}\,{\left (-c\right )}^{3/8}\,\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2}\,{\left (-c\right )}^{1/8}\,\sqrt {x}\,\left (\frac {1}{2}-\frac {1}{2}{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{a^{1/8}}\right )\,\left (-\frac {1}{4}-\frac {1}{4}{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{a^{11/8}}+\frac {\sqrt {2}\,{\left (-c\right )}^{3/8}\,\mathrm {atan}\left (\frac {\sqrt {2}\,{\left (-c\right )}^{1/8}\,\sqrt {x}\,\left (\frac {1}{2}+\frac {1}{2}{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{a^{1/8}}\right )\,\left (-\frac {1}{4}+\frac {1}{4}{}\mathrm {i}\right )}{a^{11/8}} \]
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